Innovative Finance
August 1, 2024
Context
Nepal has made notable strides in expanding access to education, yet 36% of adults aged 15 and above still lack basic literacy skills, a gap rooted not only in economic and political challenges but also in entrenched caste, ethnic, and class hierarchies. Among older people (those aged 60 and above), illiteracy rates are even higher, and this age group is the country’s fastest growing. Limited literacy in later life can undermine independence, increase vulnerability to exploitation, and deepen social exclusion. While the government and NGOs have expanded adult education efforts, these programs often overlook the unique realities and daily needs of older adults in Nepali society.
Solution
The Basic Literacy Class for Older Persons is an innovative, community-based program implemented by Ageing Nepal to address the literacy needs of older adults in urban Kathmandu. Launched as a pilot in 2016 and expanded from 2017 onward, the program delivers an eight-month experiential, free literacy course supported by local government budgets and tailored to older learners’ needs.
Older learners are selected through local social organizations, orientation sessions, and home visits, prioritizing those with very poor or no literacy skills from marginalized groups. Participants develop foundational reading, writing, and numeracy skills in Nepali and English, along with practical life skills like using mobile phones, navigating the city, and operating household appliances. Locally recruited facilitators with teaching or social work experience receive dedicated pre-service training and adjust curriculum content based on learners’ feedback and challenges, ensuring a responsive, learner-centered approach. Classes use active, participatory methods such as role-play, market visits, and hands-on activities with locally sourced materials. Starting in one Kathmandu ward, the program has expanded to four additional locations, with plans for further replication.
Impact
The program has improved older learners’ literacy, numeracy, and confidence, empowering them to live more independently and participate actively in urban community life. Graduates can read street signs, use phones, manage appliances, and even type in English. The initiative also reduces feelings of isolation, builds social networks, and enhances self-worth among participants. Learners report being less dependent on family members and more engaged in family and social activities. By fostering lifelong learning and adaptability, the program supports older adults in navigating the challenges of urbanization.